Capsaicin

Capsaicin is the ingredient discovered in different types of hot peppers, such as cayenne peppers, that makes the peppers spicy hot. You can eat it in raw or prepared peppers or as a dried powder, which you can contribute to food or drinks. It likewise is readily available as a dietary supplement, in topical creams that you apply to your skin, or in a prescription skin patch. [2]

History

Capsaicin is a lipophilic compound that can be discovered in different concentrations in peppers that are described as hot, such as habanero, jalapeño, and scorpion. It is a substance that produces a burning experience in any tissue it comes into contact with. So, the more capsaicin in the pepper, the more the heat gets shown up.

Let’s enter into some history. Capsaicin was first drawn out in 1816 by christian fridrich. Additional work by john clough thresh caused its calling in 1876, however it wasn ´ t up until 1898 that karl micko separated the substance in pure crystalline form. A century later, in 1997, david julius discovered and cloned the cellular receptor for capsaicin, and brought a new level of comprehending on how capsaicin works. We ´ ll get more into this science in the 2nd part of this blog site.

Capsaicin has been used widely in all kinds of industries. We love to utilize it to enliven our taste, however we also use it in the military, pharmaceutical, and many other markets. We are continuously establishing brand-new usages, due to its terrific versatility. [3]

Natural function

Capsaicin exists in large amounts in the placental tissue (which holds the seeds), the internal membranes and, to a lower extent, the other fleshy parts of the fruits of plants in the genus capsicum. The seeds themselves do not produce any capsaicin, although the highest concentration of capsaicin can be discovered in the white pith of the inner wall, where the seeds are connected.

The seeds of capsicum plants are distributed mainly by birds. In birds, the trpv1 channel does not react to capsaicin or associated chemicals (avian vs. Mammalian trpv1 show practical diversity and selective sensitivity). This is useful to the plant, as chili pepper seeds consumed by birds pass through the digestion system and can sprout later, whereas mammals have molar teeth which damage such seeds and avoid them from germinating. Hence, natural selection may have caused increasing capsaicin production due to the fact that it makes the plant less most likely to be consumed by animals that do not help it distribute. There is likewise proof that capsaicin might have evolved as an anti-fungal representative. The fungal pathogen fusarium, which is understood to contaminate wild chilies and thereby lower seed viability, is hindered by capsaicin, which therefore restricts this form of predispersal seed death.

The vanillotoxin-containing venom of a certain tarantula types (psalmopoeus cambridgei, likewise called the trinidad chevron tarantula) triggers the exact same pathway of pain as is triggered by capsaicin, an example of a shared path in both plant and animal anti-mammalian defense. [4]

System of action

Capsaicin has actually been revealed to reduce the amount of substance p related to swelling – however this is not believed to be its main mechanism in the relief of pain 4. Capsaicin’s system of action is credited to “defunctionalization” of nociceptor fibers by inducing a topical hypersensitivity reaction on the skin. This modification in pain mechanisms is because of many of the following: short-term loss of membrane potential, failure to carry neurotrophic factors causing modified phenotype, and reversible retraction of skin and dermal nerve fiber terminals.

Metabolic process

Capsaicin metabolic process after oral administration is uncertain, nevertheless it is anticipated to go through metabolic process in the liver with very little metabolism in the gut lumen. In vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes and s9 pieces show that capsaicin is quickly metabolized, producing 3 major metabolites, 16-hydroxycapsaicin, 17-hydroxycapsaicin, and 16,17-hydroxycapsaicin, whereas vanillin was a minor metabolite 4. It is proposed that cytochrome p450 (p450) enzymes may play some role in hepatic drug metabolic process 4. In vitro research studies of capsaicin in human skin recommend slow biotransformation with many capsaicin staying the same. [5]

Nutritional details

Chili peppers are outstanding sources of plant compounds called phytochemicals, a lot of which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Although scientists do not see phytochemicals as essential nutrients, as they do vitamins and minerals, the substances may be important for defense against cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Phytochemicals in chili peppers consist of capsaicinoids, such as capsaicin, which is the primary active ingredient. It produces the particular pungency and hot taste that many plants in the genus have. Other capsicum phytochemicals consist of:.

  • Anthocyanins
  • Flavonoids
  • Phenolic acids
  • Carotenoids such as lutein, lycopene, and zeazanthin

Extra nutrients in capsicum include:.

Vitamin, such as:.

  • Vitamin bs
  • Vitamin c, which is high in red peppers
  • Vitamin e, which is high in dried chili peppers

Fiber minerals such as:.

9 foods high in capsaicin that kick up the heat

Carolina reaper: 2,009,000 scoville heat units (shu)

The most popular pepper in the world is the carolina reaper. It was made in south carolina by crossing a pakistani naga pepper with a red habanero from the west indies.

This wicked pepper’s heat level is at 2,009,000 shu, according to the university of florida institute of food and farming sciences.

Ghost pepper: 1,041,427 shu

Ghost peppers, likewise known as bhut jolokia, were once the hottest and most capsaicin-rich foods worldwide, with 1,041,427 shu. They even set a guinness world record in 2007 for being the most popular peppers.

Ever since, even hotter peppers have actually emerged– the carolina reaper has double the heat.

Habanero: 100,000 to 350,000 shu

Slightly more tolerable, habanero peppers have 100,000 to 350,000 shu, so you’ll get lots of the benefits of capsaicin. These peppers are abundant in antioxidants thanks to the phytochemicals they include, like carotenoids and phenols, according to a february 2014 research study in the clinical world journal.

Habaneros are typically yellow, orange and red and are characterized by a fruity and floral scent. Try including them to these protein-packed chili dishes for an additional kick.

Thai pepper: 50,000 to 100,000 shu

Thai peppers step at 50,000 to 100,000 shu. Their range of capsaicin and heat capability varies because of the wide variety of thai peppers that exist.

Thai peppers are often ground into chili flakes or chili powders. But they’re likewise utilized to make curry paste and thai curry meals.

Cayenne: 25,000 to 50,000 shu

Cayenne pepper is a capsaicin-rich food that loads some major heat, with 25,000 to 50,000 shu. This spicy red pepper is frequently dried and developed into a powder or flakes. Don’t error it with chili powder, which is normally a blend and a lot less spicy, clocking in at 500 to 1,500 shu.

Tabasco: 30,000 to 50,000 shu

Capsaicin-rich tabasco peppers next to tabasco sauce in a bottle.

Tabasco sauce is made from tabasco peppers but has a lot less capsaicin than its original pepper form.

Ah, tabasco peppers– not to be puzzled with tabasco-brand hot sauce. One of the primary differences in between the two is their capsaicin content and scoville rating. Tabasco peppers have 30,000 to 50,000 shu, while tabasco red sauce only has 2,500 to 5,000 shu.

Serrano: 10,000 to 25,000 shu

Serrano peppers appear similar to jalapenos but are somewhat thinner and much shorter. But, what serranos lack in size, they make up for in heat (and capsaicin), with 10,000 to 25,000 shu. Because of their brilliant, spicy flavor, these peppers are frequently used in hot sauces, garnishes and salsas.

Include serrano pepper to these breakfast frying pan recipes to enliven your early morning.

Jalapeno: 2,000 to 8,000 shu

Jalapenos are small to medium-sized peppers that are popular worldwide. They have a bite, thanks to 2,000 to 8,000 shu, but they’re much milder than habanero and cayenne peppers.

Jalapenos are also a great source of anti-oxidants like vitamin c, providing 18 percent of the everyday value, per the usda. Attempt them in these cozy jalapeno supper recipes.

Poblano pepper: 1,000 to 2,000 shu

Poblanos are moderate, big green peppers which contain much less capsaicin than the other foods on the list, with only 1,000 to 2,000 shu. These peppers lack the intense heat of the other peppers on this list, making them an easy addition to your diet plan if you’re not a spice fanatic.

Poblanos are a staple in mexican cuisine. They are typically roasted and stuffed with meat or beans. Poblanos can also be dried to make ancho chilies and then utilized to make flavorful mole sauces. [7]

Uses

Food

Because of the burning experience brought on by capsaicin when it comes in contact with mucous membranes, it is frequently used in food products to offer added spiciness or “heat” (piquancy), typically in the form of spices such as chili powder and paprika. In high concentrations, capsaicin will also trigger a burning effect on other delicate areas, such as skin or eyes. The degree of heat discovered within a food is often determined on the scoville scale.

There has long been a demand for capsaicin-spiced products like chili pepper, and hot sauces such as tabasco sauce and mexican salsa. It is common for people to experience pleasant and even euphoric impacts from consuming capsaicin. Folklore amongst self-described “chiliheads” associate this to pain-stimulated release of endorphins, a different mechanism from the local receptor overload that makes capsaicin reliable as a topical analgesic.

Research and pharmaceutical use

Capsaicin is used as an analgesic in topical ointments and dermal spots to eliminate discomfort, normally in concentrations in between 0.025% and 0.1%. It may be applied in cream form for the short-term relief of small pains and pains of muscles and joints connected with arthritis, backache, pressures and sprains, frequently in compounds with other rubefacients.

It is likewise utilized to decrease the symptoms of peripheral neuropathy, such as post-herpetic neuralgia brought on by shingles. A capsaicin transdermal spot (qutenza) for the management of this particular restorative sign (pain due to post-herpetic neuralgia) was authorized in 2009, as a healing by both the u.s. Fda (fda) and the european union. A subsequent application to the fda for qutenza to be utilized as an analgesic in hiv neuralgia was refused. One 2017 review of clinical studies having limited quality discovered that high-dose topical capsaicin (8%) compared to control (0.4% capsaicin) offered moderate to substantial discomfort relief from post-herpetic neuralgia, hiv-neuropathy, and diabetic neuropathy.

Although capsaicin creams have actually been utilized to deal with psoriasis for reduction of itching, an evaluation of 6 scientific trials including topical capsaicin for treatment of pruritus concluded there was insufficient evidence of effect. Capsaicin decreases ldl cholesterol levels moderately.

There is insufficient clinical evidence to determine the function of ingested capsaicin on several human disorders, including weight problems, diabetes, cancer and heart diseases.

Pepper spray and pests

Capsaicinoids are also an active component in riot control and personal defense pepper spray representatives. When the spray can be found in contact with skin, especially eyes or mucous membranes, it produces pain and breathing trouble in the affected individual.

Capsaicin is likewise used to hinder pests, specifically mammalian bugs. Targets of capsaicin repellants consist of voles, deer, rabbits, squirrels, bears, pests, and attacking dogs. Ground or crushed dried chili pods might be utilized in birdseed to hinder rodents, taking advantage of the insensitivity of birds to capsaicin. The elephant pepper development trust declares that utilizing chili peppers as a barrier crop can be a sustainable means for rural african farmers to discourage elephants from eating their crops.

A short article published in the journal of environmental science and health part b in 2006 states that “although hot chili pepper extract is commonly utilized as a component of home and garden insect-repellent solutions, it is not clear that the capsaicinoid elements of the extract are responsible for its repellency.”.

The very first pesticide product using solely capsaicin as the active ingredient was signed up with the u.s. Department of farming in 1962.

Equestrian sports

Capsaicin is a banned compound in equestrian sports because of its hypersensitizing and pain-relieving properties. At the show leaping occasions of the 2008 summertime olympics, four horses evaluated favorable for capsaicin, which led to disqualification. [8]

Health advantages

Might be practical in treating cancer

Of the many benefits taking in capsaicin has to use, couple of have actually been examined as much as its effective impact versus cancer.

For example, various research studies show capsaicin can efficiently combat prostate cancer, including a 2006 study at the ucla school of medication, mentioning it has a “profound antiproliferative impact” on this type of cancer. Researchers found that taking capsaicin orally considerably stopped the spread of prostate cancer cells in addition to triggered apoptosis (cell death) in more than one kind of prostate cancer cell.

In a gerbil research study, scientists also discovered capsaicin to be efficient versus h. Pylori-induced gastritis, an infection of the stomach lining caused by a germs penetrating the inner mucous layer. This condition is of specific concern in establishing nations where living conditions are also confined, where the h. Pylori bacteria is most common. Capsaicin, along with piperine, in this study acted by reducing inflammation triggered by the infection, and it was determined, therefore, to be a beneficial method to potentially avoid the next step in this bacterial infection: stomach cancer.

Another kind of cancer capsaicin might be useful in combating is breast cancer, the 2nd most deadly cancer in females. For a long time, it’s been clear that capsaicin has the ability to induce apoptosis in specific breast cancer cells, however another development research study was launched in south korea in late 2015 that discovered capsaicin may likewise help eliminate an extra kind of cell: breast cancer stem cells.

This discovery is particularly essential since the stem cells that remain after the other cancer cells have actually died are the ones responsible for reoccurrences of the disease.

Capsaicin has actually been investigated at length in conjunction with its effect on main effusion lymphoma (pel). This form of non-hodgkin’s lymphoma is a rare one associated with hiv. There’s likewise some research recommending that capsaicin can help decrease the size and frequency of specific lung growths.

In general, research is plentiful with the reality that treatment with capsaicin, together with other beneficial dietary tools, is an astonishing potential treatment for cancers of lots of kinds. It’s been found to have positive effects on shrinking growths, preventing metastasis (new tumors discovered far from the initial cancer website), triggering apoptosis in different cancer models and even potentially avoiding cancer from taking place in the first place.

Interestingly, capsaicin likewise has a cancer-related benefit outside of cancer cells. It’s likewise readily available in cream kind that’s used for a range of disorders, including mouth sores that are common adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation treatment.

Decreases occurrence of cluster headaches

Using capsaicin is a typical pain relief method, which i talk about in more detail below. One particular discomfort solution that typically includes the cream type of this natural painkiller is the treatment of cluster headaches. Various from migraine or tension headaches, these repeating, particular headaches are described by a lot of as the worst discomfort they have actually ever experienced, with some females even comparing it to the discomfort of giving birth.

While they’re uncommon, cluster headaches are debilitating and can last for 6 to 12 weeks. There are many lifestyle and dietary alternatives that are useful in treating them, including the application of capsaicin cream to the within a nostril on the side of your head suffering the headache. By consistently applying the cream, subjects discovered the frequency of their headaches decreased for up to 60 days after ending this treatment alternative in a study conducted by the institute of internal medication and medical pharmacology at the university of florence, italy.

Alleviates pain

Capsaicin is a frequently understood pain-relief representative. The reasons for this are commonly unknown, although researchers are discovering more about the mechanisms it utilizes to provide relief. It seems that, in large part, capsaicin offers analgesic relief by activating the trpv1 receptor, which then causes the brain to launch a neurotransmitter called “substance p.”.

Especially in cream form, it’s been utilized for many years to deal with pain related to osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and fibromyalgia, as well as certain kinds of joint pain.

More recently, researchers have actually been examining an approach of injecting extremely purified capsaicin into cartilage and tendons connected to a damaged rotator cuff. While this did not speed the recovery procedure as initially anticipated, it did substantially modify pain reactions, making it a good candidate for discomfort treatment for this condition.

Deals with psoriasis

In addition to treating discomfort, capsaicin has actually been long known for its ability to deal with numerous skin conditions, including the dry, itchy skin of psoriasis. Substance p seems to be an efficient treatment for this condition, as research reveals that continued application of capsaicin cream shows a dramatically decreased amount of psoriasis breakout on the skin.

Nevertheless, clients did report that the initial applications of capsaicin cream featured some small burning, itching and stinging, which disappeared after the first several applications.

Aids in management of diabetes

Like numerous functions of healthy foods, capsaicin is extremely beneficial when aiming to prevent and deal with diabetes. Consistently consuming foods high in this nutrient has actually been proven to improve the blood sugar level and insulin reactions in both males and females, and likewise in ladies with gestational diabetes.

A painful condition related to diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, might also be treated with capsaicin cream to decrease pain actions.

Helps in weight-loss efforts

If you’re trying to drop weight, you need to probably consider eating capsaicin-rich foods, such as chili peppers. Research has discovered that eating these hot foods may decrease body weight, speed metabolism, assistance burn fat and reduce hunger in animals.

This might likewise be a benefit to those of you who integrate exercise with a nutritional technique to weight loss, as capsaicin intake likewise improves athletic efficiency and general physical endurance.

How to use

The easiest method to present capsaicin into your system is by eating foods which contain it, specifically, all pepper ranges except for the bell pepper, which includes no capsaicin due to a recessive gene it includes. If you aren’t utilized to consuming spicy foods, it is necessary to take it gradually and start with very moderate varieties before working your method up to that carolina reaper.

Trying to find practical ways to introduce capsaicin-rich peppers into your regimen? Try this lamb burgers dish we developed that is moderate enough for kids, despite the fact that it includes a jalapeno. Celebrating a huge video game with buddies? Help them discover capsaicin’s advantages, too, by making these gluten-free buffalo chicken tenders with cayenne powder.

You might likewise acquire capsaicin in supplement type, typically described as “cayenne powder tablets,” or in the form of a cream. In the latter type, specifically, you’ll have the ability to enjoy its external advantages, such as treating psoriasis, along with some pain benefits, like dealing with cluster headaches and easing joint and muscle pain. [9]

Precautions and adverse effects

While capsaicin supplements are generally recognized as safe, you need to take a few precautions.

May trigger a burning feeling

One of the most typical adverse effects of capsaicin supplements is a burning result throughout your gastrointestinal system.

For those with heartburn or heartburn, capsaicin-containing foods or supplements may increase your symptoms.

In time, your digestive system becomes desensitized to capsaicin’s impacts, lowering the uncomfortable feeling you might experience.

The best method to avoid this negative effects is to take the supplement prior to a meal, as food works as a buffer to prevent the burning feeling.

May trigger raised temperature level

Capsaicin supplements may raise your body temperature level.

Due to this compound’s result on receptors in your body that regulate heat, ingesting too much capsaicin might give you an unpleasant sensation of warmth.

While this isn’t generally harmful– and no clinical proof suggests that it can cause a fever– some individuals may be more vulnerable to this feeling than others.

In addition, there’s a chance that capsaicin supplements may increase your high blood pressure. Therefore, if you’re taking blood pressure medications, it is necessary to check with your healthcare provider prior to taking this supplement.

To prevent these negative effects, begin with a low dose and gradually increase it until you reach your desired amount.

Summary

Capsaicin supplements are normally safe, however you need to know that they might aggravate your gastrointestinal system and raise your body temperature. [10]

Capsaicin cream

This medication is utilized to deal with small pains and pains of the muscles/joints (such as arthritis, backache, sprains). Capsaicin works by reducing a certain natural compound in your body (compound p) that helps pass discomfort signals to the brain.

How to utilize capsaicin cream?

Utilize this medication on the skin only. Follow all directions on the item bundle. If you have any concerns, ask your medical professional or pharmacist.

For the cream, gel, and lotion kinds, apply a thin layer of medication to the affected location and rub in gently and thoroughly. You may want to utilize a cotton ball/swab or latex glove to use the medication to avoid touching the medication with your hands.

Do not apply the medication in the eyes, mouth, nostrils, or genitals. If you do get the medication in those areas, flush with plenty of water. Likewise, do not use this medication to skin that is injured or inflamed (for example, cut, scraped, sunburned).

Do not use this medication immediately prior to or after activities such as bathing, swimming, sun bathing, or heavy exercise. Do not plaster or wrap the afflicted location or use a heating pad on that area. Doing so might increase the threat of side effects.

After applying the medication, wash your hands unless you are utilizing this medication to treat the hands. If treating the hands, wait at least 30 minutes after applying the medication to clean your hands.

Utilize this medication routinely to get the most gain from it. To assist you keep in mind, use it at the same times every day.

This medication may in some cases take up to 2 months to work. Tell your physician if your condition lasts for more than 7 days, if it becomes worse, or if it keeps returning. If you think you might have a severe medical issue, look for immediate medical attention. [11]

Adverse effects

Along with its needed effects, a medication may trigger some undesirable results. Although not all of these side effects might take place, if they do happen they might require medical attention.

Contact your medical professional immediately if any of the following adverse effects happen:.

More common – all kinds

Burning, itching, dryness, discomfort, soreness, swelling, or soreness at the application site.

Less typical – all forms

  • Body aches or pain
  • Chills
  • Cough
  • Problem with breathing
  • Dry or productive cough
  • Ear congestion
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Loss of voice
  • Sneezing
  • Sore throat
  • Stuffy or runny nose
  • Tightness in the chest
  • Unusual tiredness or weak point
  • Less common – spot just
  • Blurred vision
  • Breakdown of the skin
  • Dizziness
  • Nervousness
  • Discomfort in the arms or legs
  • Pounding in the ears
  • Sluggish or fast heart beat
  • Incidence not known – spot only
  • Bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet
  • Burning, crawling, itching, numbness, prickling, “pins and needles”, or tingling sensations
  • Eye irritation or pain
  • Increased sensitivity to pain or touch
  • Scarring of the skin
  • Stabbing pain
  • Throat inflammation
  • Uncommon weight gain or loss

Some side effects might take place that usually do not require medical attention. These side effects might go away during treatment as your body gets used to the medicine. Likewise, your health care specialist may have the ability to tell you about methods to prevent or decrease some of these side effects. Contact your health care expert if any of the following side effects continue or are annoying or if you have any questions about them:.

Less common – spot just

  • Muscle aches
  • Queasiness
  • Discomfort or tenderness around the eyes and cheekbones
  • Vomiting
  • Occurrence not known – spot only
  • Abnormal skin smell
  • Modification in or loss of taste

Other side results not listed may likewise happen in some clients. If you notice any other impacts, contact your health care expert. [12]

Does of capsaicin

Dose forms and strengths.

Topical cream

  • 025%
  • 035%
  • 075%
  • 1%

Topical gel

  • 025%

Topical liquid

  • 025%

Dose factors to consider– need to be provided as follows:.

Skeletomuscular discomfort

Apply to affected area 3 or 4 times daily for 3-4 successive weeks and examine effectiveness; efficacy decreased if used less than 3 times daily; not to surpass 4 applications/day; wash hands with soap and water after applying.

Diabetic neuropathy (off-label)

Cream: apply to afflicted area three or 4 times daily for 3-4 consecutive weeks and examine effectiveness; not to exceed 4 applications/day; wash hands with soap and water after using. [13]

Capsaicin fascinating realities

  • Chili peppers have been around for quite a long time, but the active “spicy” part of capsaicin wasn’t isolated till 1846, when a man called j.c. Thresh recognized it and gave it the name “capsaicin.” An impure type of the compound had been drawn out from peppers in 1819 by christian friedrich bucholz, who gave it the now old called “capsicim,” after the capsicum type from which it was taken.
  • A century after its preliminary discovery, its chemical structure was recorded in 1919 by e.k. Nelson and produced in synthetic kind in 1930 by e. Spath and f.s. Beloved.
  • Before its conversion to a cream kind, native americans had actually been rubbing their gums with peppers to eliminate toothaches, which was a practice embraced by the europeans.
  • An interesting feature of the spicy peppers consisting of capsaicin appears to be that this nutrient came out of an evolutionary need for pepper plants to safeguard themselves. They established rather the creative technique– capsaicin is a deterrent to mammals who would damage the seeds within the pepper plant, however birds are immune to it. Due to the fact that they aren’t bothered by the heat of the plant, birds swallow the seeds of numerous pepper plants whole and help perpetuate their growth.
  • The existence of capsaicin in spicy peppers determines their “heat” according to the scoville scale, a measurement in scoville heat units (shu) to recognize different peppers. For instance, banana peppers score between 100– 1,000 on the scale, the habanero pepper ranks at 100,000– 350,000, and the top 10 most popular peppers worldwide range from the mid-250,000 s to a blazing 2.2 million.
  • Ranking no. 1 on the list is the carolina reaper, a cultivar of capsicum chinense grown in fort mill, s.c. The authorities record, according to guinness world records, has a rating of 1.569 million shu, although it unofficially has been recorded at 2.2 million shu. [14]

Conclusion

Capsaicin, the compound in hot peppers that causes their infamous burning feeling, might provide many advantages when taken as a supplement.

Studies show that it promotes weight reduction, decreases swelling, and– when applied topically– relieves discomfort.

You need to begin with a low dose and talk to your healthcare provider before supplementing to lower your threat of adverse effects. [15]

Referrals

  1. Https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capsaicin
  2. Https://wa.kaiserpermanente.org/kbase/topic.jhtml?Docid=ut1025spec
  3. Https://www.uchuspice.com/blog/capsaicin-the-science-of-spice
  4. Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/capsaicin#natural_function
  5. Https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/db06774
  6. Https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/capsicum#nutrition
  7. Https://www.livestrong.com/article/408453-foods-that-have-capsaicin/
  8. Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/capsaicin#uses
  9. Https://draxe.com/nutrition/capsaicin/#health_benefits
  10. Https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/capsaicin-supplement#precautions-side-effects
  11. Https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-4181/capsaicin-topical/details
  12. Https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/capsaicin-topical-route/side-effects/drg-20062561
  13. Https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_capsaicin/drugs-condition.htm
  14. Https://draxe.com/nutrition/capsaicin/#capsaicin_interesting_facts
  15. Https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/capsaicin-supplement#bottom-line
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