Acidophilus

Meaning of acidophilus

• a lactobacillus (Lactobacillus acidophilus) that is added specifically to dairy items (such as yogurt and milk) or prepared as a dietary supplement, is part of the normal intestinal tract and vaginal flora, and is utilized therapeutically specifically to promote digestive tract health
• also: a preparation consisting of such germs [1]

Background

There are various genera of germs that fall under the classification of probiotics – Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Paenibacillus, Enterococcus, Aeromonas, Alteromonas, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Microbacterium, Clostridium, Phaeobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas, Rhodosporidium, Roseobacter, Streptomyces and Vibrio. However the most frequently utilized across human and animal applications is genus Lactobacillus.

Lactobacillus is a genus that includes Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria that are most commonly understood for their role in carbohydrate fermentation and the ability to produce lactic acid as a result of this process. Lactobacillus types don’t have the ability to form endospores like their cousin Bacillus. For this reason, they are seldom discovered as free-living bacteria. These microbes first acquired appeal as cultures needed for producing fermented milk products, like cheese and yogurt, and as probiotic germs for human beings.

The gut microbiome in human beings and other animals has actually been acquiring increasing attention in the last couple of years due to its significant result on health. A range of species of gut bacteria straight and indirectly affect early advancement, the capability to process particular foods, immune response, hormonal balance, weight, mood, and a variety of other processes in the body. As our understanding of probiotic organisms has increased, so has our use of these probiotics in areas outside the human health and milk market.

Today, these bacteria are also widely utilized in farming and aquaculture and play an extremely important role in animal health and sustainable production of food. Aside from Bacillus, Lactobacillus types are the most studied and extensively used probiotic germs mainly due to their terrific effectiveness in promoting natural gastrointestinal and immune pathways in animals.

From Discovery to Today

Utilizing bacteria for health benefits has a long history– among the very first reported cases goes back to the Roman historian Plinius in 76 B.C. [1], who advised making use of fermented milk as a solution for gastroenteritis. One of the very first Lactobacilllus types that was discovered was L. acidophilus, which was separated from the human gastrointestinal system in 1900. It was first recognized as Bacillus acidophilus, however after the discovery of the Lactobacillus species and unique identification approaches, its taxonomy was revised and the types renamed to Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Studying the fermentation process for yogurt production, Bulgarian researcher Stamen Grigorov found Bacillus bulgaricus in 1905 (now known as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus). Motivated by his research, Ilya Metchnikoff, Russian zoologist, bacteriologist and immunologist, published a paper 2 years later in which he stated that one of the primary reasons for the durability of Bulgarian farmers was due to their day-to-day consumption of yogurt. He suggested that cultures present in Bulgarian yoghurt may have the capability to hinder the aging process brought on by putrefactive bacteria in the colon.

The genus Lactobacillus was officially found in 1921 by American bacteriologists E.B. Fred, W.H. Peterson, and J.A. Anderson. The genus was characterized by the ability to metabolize particular sugars and other carbon-based substances. It was really difficult to correctly figure out the exact types prior to PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) was found in 1983, many different Lactobacillus species were put under the same name. With the discovery of brand-new gene sequencing techniques, a whole new world of Lactobacillus species was found and their application became more specialized and effective.

Lactobacillus acidophilus in aquaculture

Aside from increasing the risk of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic application likewise depletes the gut microbiota in aquaculture species.

The aquaculture industry has actually substantially expanded during the last 20 years, and it is anticipated that it will continue to grow in the coming years. In order to satisfy the increasing demands of the marketplace, the aquaculture industry has actually begun to rely on high stocking densities and aggressive feed input. These practices often result in a lot of accumulated waste, bad water quality, and increased stress levels in animals, producing an extremely favorable environment for pathogens to spread rapidly. In order to avoid the incidence of illness and substantial economic losses that opt for them, aquaculture producers have actually utilized a number of strategies, consisting of (until recently) antibiotic usage. Many countries have actually recognized the negative results of antibiotics and prohibited their usage in aquaculture, and lots of others are following their steps.

However, the restriction of antibiotics leaves a huge space in the toolbox of aquaculture producers, now in need of an option that will be at least as efficient as prescription antibiotics without the unfavorable results.

For this reason, many scientists and aquaculture specialists have actually relied on probiotics.

There are numerous genera of probiotic germs, and they include a range of particular and non-specific types. Lactobacillus is one of the most extensively represented genera in animal health applications because of the many useful impacts they have on animal production.

How do Lactobacillus types enhance the health of fish and shellfishes?

Just like other probiotics, Lactobacillus types support beneficial effects on aquaculture species in a variety of methods, both straight and indirectly. The six main functions of Lactobacillus types in aquaculture include:.

• Stimulation of intestinal tract (GI) development – Lactobacillus germs can colonize the gut of fish and crustaceans at early stages of advancement (larval stage) and ensure their proper development by preventing the establishment of possibly damaging germs. This is extremely important, as pathogen infections in larvae are often destructive to their advancement and result in irreversible damage, as well as weakened immune system. Lactobacillus species also help nutrient absorption, increasing feed effectiveness and availability of needed elements for the advancement of larvae and young fish and crustaceans.
• Improvement of digestion function and weight gain – Lactobacillus types increase usage of carbon sources with the help of their digestion enzymes, which increase nutrition accessibility, in addition to feed to yield conversion. These bacteria likewise increase the tightness of digestive tract mucosa and stimulate the activity of gut wall cells, so they improve the natural processes within their host’s gut. This leads to much better feed utilization, increased growth rates, survival rates and weight gain in fish and shrimps.
• Stimulation of the host’s immune response – Probiotic germs like Lactobacillus were revealed to have a helpful impact on host’s immune system by increasing the overall number of lymphocytes, in addition to activity of lysozymes and other enzymes crucial for immune defense. They can promote non-specific immune actions and boost activity of the host’s monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, and other agents that deal with unwanted residents of the gut microbiome. For instance, L. rhamnosus has the capability to increase breathing burst in rainbow trout, which means that it helps the fish to quickly launch reactive oxygen substances like hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. These substances play a crucial function in cell signaling and defense against pathogens.
• Increasing recreation – Reproductive capacity of aquaculture types is greatly affected by the quantity of readily available nutrients– fats, proteins, vitamins, fatty acids, and so on. These components are needed for every single part of the reproduction process, and appropriate advancement of larvae. Lactobacillus probiotics can increase the fecundity of fish by manufacturing a few of those necessary elements we mentioned (like vitamin B complex), guaranteeing better carbon source usage, and stimulating natural immunity of aquaculture types. For example, researchers studied a probiotic which includes Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, Bifidobacterium thermophilum, and Enterococcus faescium, and its impact on fecundity of female green swordtail. The results were clear– the number of fecundated fish increased almost 50% in the group that got probiotics compared to the number of fecundated fish in control (fish that weren’t treated with the probiotic product).
• Defense from pathogenic germs – The incident of illness is really high in extensive farming and causes major economic losses. To fight this problem, many aquaculture manufacturers formerly counted on prescription antibiotics, however due to the excellent danger of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, their usage became severely restricted in numerous nations. Probiotics reveal terrific potential to entirely fill this space and supply a more sustainable way of getting high yields and producing healthy aquatic animals, without increasing the risk of microbial resistance to prescription antibiotics and harming the environment.
• GI is among the most common locations in animal bodies for facility of pathogenic bacteria. Probiotics have the capability to colonize the gut rapidly and therefore reduce the surface area where pathogens can adhere and develop their colonies. By taking up space and nutrients from damaging germs, Lactobacillus types can outcompete them and hence avoid illness advancement. Using probiotics with Lactobacillus species was revealed to regulate the gut microbiome and stimulate the activity of enzymes essential for immune responses. Some Lactobacillus types can help increase resistance to specific pathogens, for example, L. plantarum increases illness resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Pacific white shrimps, while L. acidophilus increases defensive actions of huge fresh river prawn versus pathogenic Vibrio types.
• Improving water quality – Water quality is one of the crucial factors for healthy and effective production in aquaculture. Accumulation of organic waste, ammonia, nitrites and nitrates is a consistent problem, and a high concentration of these compounds in water can trigger fantastic damage to fish and shellfishes, and increase their mortality. Just changing the infected water with fresh water can be costly in some areas, and also have a negative impact on the environment, considering that the drainage is typically released without processing into streams, rivers, and seas. This is why sustainable producers select bioremediation, and probiotic bacteria are used to kick-start this procedure. These germs are live organisms that have the ability to produce enzymes and metabolize hazardous substances, and as such can supply useful and lasting impacts on water quality and animal health. Aside from the well-known bioremediatory types like Bacillus, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter, certain Lactobacillus types like L. plantarum and L. casei also show the ability to decrease the amount of hazardous waste in the water and enhance growth of shrimps.

A lot of aquaculture probiotics are consisted of a blend of types to accomplish the best effects; as a result, Lactobacillus species are discovered in a combination with Bacillus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Nitrobacter and other probiotic germs. The combination of types and their individual amount in the item depends on the aquaculture species and wanted effects. [2]

Benefits

Below are 9 methods which Lactobacillus acidophilus may benefit your health.

It May Help In Reducing Cholesterol

High cholesterol levels might increase the risk of heart disease. This is especially true for “bad” LDL cholesterol.

Thankfully, research studies recommend that particular probiotics can help reduce cholesterol levels and that L. acidophilus may be more efficient than other types of probiotics.

Some of these research studies have actually taken a look at probiotics on their own, while others have actually used milk beverages fermented by probiotics.

One study found that taking L. acidophilus and another probiotic for 6 weeks substantially reduced total and LDL cholesterol, but likewise “good” HDL cholesterol.

A comparable six-week study found that L. acidophilus by itself had no impact.

However, there is evidence that combining L. acidophilus with prebiotics, or indigestible carbs that help excellent bacteria grow, can assist increase HDL cholesterol and lower blood sugar level.

This has been shown in studies using probiotics and prebiotics, both as supplements and in fermented milk beverages.

Additionally, a number of other studies have actually revealed that yogurt supplemented with L. acidophilus helped in reducing cholesterol levels by approximately 7% more than common yogurt.

This suggests that L. acidophilus– not another component in the yogurt– was accountable for the helpful impact.

Summary:

acidophilus consumed on its own, in milk or yogurt or in mix with prebiotics might assist lower cholesterol.

It May Avoid and Decrease Diarrhea

Diarrhea affects people for a number of factors, consisting of bacterial infections.

It can be unsafe if it lasts a long period of time, as it leads to fluid loss and, sometimes, dehydration.

A variety of studies have actually revealed that probiotics like L. acidophilus might help avoid and decrease diarrhea that’s connected with different illness.

Evidence on the capability of L. acidophilus to treat acute diarrhea in kids is mixed. Some research studies have shown a helpful effect, while others have actually revealed no result.

One meta-analysis involving more than 300 children found that L. acidophilus helped reduce diarrhea, but only in hospitalized children.

What’s more, when consumed in combination with another probiotic, L. acidophilus might help in reducing diarrhea brought on by radiotherapy in adult cancer clients.

Likewise, it may help reduce diarrhea related to antibiotics and a common infection called Clostridium difficile, or C. diff.

Diarrhea is also typical in people who take a trip to different countries and are exposed to new foods and environments.

A review of 12 studies found that probiotics work at avoiding tourist’s diarrhea and that Lactobacillus acidophilus, in mix with another probiotic, was most effective at doing so (19Trusted Source).

Summary:

When consumed in mix with other probiotics, L. acidophilus may help prevent and deal with diarrhea.

It Can Enhance Signs of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects up to one in five individuals in specific nations. Its signs consist of abdominal pain, bloating and uncommon defecation.

While little is known about the reason for IBS, some research recommends it might be brought on by specific kinds of germs in the intestines.

Therefore, a number of studies have taken a look at whether probiotics can help improve its signs.

In a research study in 60 individuals with practical bowel conditions including IBS, taking a combination of L. acidophilus and another probiotic for one to two months enhanced bloating.

A comparable study discovered that L. acidophilus alone also minimized stomach discomfort in IBS clients.

On the other hand, a research study that analyzed a mixture of L. acidophilus and other probiotics discovered that it had no result IBS signs.

This might be discussed by another research study recommending that taking a low dose of single-strain probiotics for a short duration may improve IBS symptoms the most.

Specifically, the research study shows that the very best way to take probiotics for IBS is to utilize single-strain probiotics, rather than a mix, for less than eight weeks, as well as a dosage of less than 10 billion colony-forming systems (CFUs) per day.

Nevertheless, it is essential to select a probiotic supplement that has actually been clinically proven to benefit IBS.

Summary:

acidophilus probiotics may enhance symptoms of IBS, such as stomach discomfort and bloating.

It Can Assist Treat and Avoid Vaginal Infections

Vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis prevail kinds of vaginal infections.

There is excellent evidence that L. acidophilus can help treat and prevent such infections.

Lactobacilli are normally the most typical germs in the vaginal area. They produce lactic acid, which prevents the development of other hazardous bacteria.

However, in cases of particular vaginal conditions, other species of germs begin to outnumber lactobacilli.

A number of research studies have actually found taking L. acidophilus as a probiotic supplement can avoid and deal with vaginal infections by increasing lactobacilli in the vaginal area.

However, other studies have actually found no effect.

Consuming yogurt which contains L. acidophilus may also prevent vaginal infections. Yet, both of the research studies that examined this were rather small and would require to be reproduced on a bigger scale before any conclusions could be made.

Summary:

acidophilus as a probiotic supplement might be useful in avoiding vaginal conditions, such as vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

It Might Promote Weight-loss

The germs in your intestinal tracts assist manage food digestion and a number of other physical processes.

Therefore, they influence your weight.

There is some proof that probiotics might help you drop weight, especially when numerous types are taken in together. However, the evidence on L. acidophilus alone is uncertain.

A current research study that combined the results of 17 human research studies and over 60 animal studies discovered that some lactobacilli types caused weight loss, while others might have contributed to weight gain.

It recommended that L. acidophilus was one of the types that caused weight gain. However, the majority of the studies were conducted in farm animals, not humans.

Moreover, some of these older studies utilized probiotics that were initially thought to be L. acidophilus, however have actually because been recognized as various types.

Therefore, the proof on L. acidophilus impacting weight is uncertain, and more extensive studies are needed.

Summary

Probiotics might work for weight-loss, however more research study is required to determine whether L. acidophilus, in particular, has a substantial effect on weight in people.

It May Assist Avoid and Decrease Cold and Influenza Manifestations

Healthy germs like L. acidophilus can boost the immune system and hence help in reducing the risk of viral infections.

In fact, some research studies have actually recommended that probiotics may prevent and enhance signs of the common cold.

A few of these studies took a look at how efficiently L. acidophilus dealt with colds in kids.

In one research study in 326 children, 6 months of day-to-day L. acidophilus probiotics decreased fever by 53%, coughing by 41%, antibiotic use by 68% and days absent from school by 32%.

The exact same study found that integrating L. acidophilus with another probiotic was much more efficient.

A similar study on L. acidophilus and another probiotic likewise discovered comparable positive results for decreasing cold signs in kids.

Summary:

acidophilus on its own and in combination with other probiotics may lower cold signs, specifically in kids.

It Might Assist Prevent and Lower Allergy Manifestations

Allergies prevail and can cause symptoms such as a runny nose or scratchy eyes.

Fortunately, some proof recommends that specific probiotics can reduce the signs of some allergic reactions.

One study showed that consuming a fermented milk drink consisting of L. acidophilus enhanced symptoms of Japanese cedar pollen allergy.

Likewise, taking L. acidophilus for 4 months reduced nasal swelling and other signs in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis, a condition that causes hay fever-like symptoms throughout the year.

A bigger research study in 47 children found comparable outcomes. It showed that taking a combination of L. acidophilus and another probiotic lowered runny nose, nasal stopping and other signs of pollen allergy.

Surprisingly, the probiotics decreased the quantity of an antibody called immunoglobulin A, which is associated with these allergies, in the intestinal tracts.

Summary:

acidophilus probiotics can minimize the signs of particular allergies.

It May Assist Prevent and Lower Signs of Eczema

Eczema is a condition in which the skin ends up being swollen, leading to itchiness and pain. The most common kind is called atopic dermatitis.

Proof suggests that probiotics can minimize the signs of this inflammatory condition in both grownups and kids.

One research study discovered that offering a mix of L. acidophilus and other probiotics to pregnant females and their babies during the first 3 months of life lowered the frequency of eczema by 22% by the time the babies reached one year of age.

A similar study discovered that L. acidophilus, in combination with conventional medical treatment, substantially enhanced atopic dermatitis signs in children.

Nevertheless, not all research studies have revealed positive effects. A large research study in 231 newborn kids provided L. acidophilus for the very first 6 months of life found no advantageous impact in cases of atopic dermatosis. In fact, it increased level of sensitivity to irritants.

Summary:

Some research studies have actually shown that L. acidophilus probiotics can help reduce the frequency and signs of eczema, while other research studies reveal no benefit.

It’s Good for Your Gut Health

Your gut is lined with trillions of germs that play a crucial role in your health.

Normally, lactobacilli are great for gut health.

They produce lactic acid, which might prevent hazardous bacteria from colonizing the intestinal tracts. They also make sure the lining of the intestinal tracts remains intact.

acidophilus can increase the quantities of other healthy germs in the gut, including other lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.

It can also increase levels of short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate, which promote gut health.

Another research study carefully took a look at the impacts of L. acidophilus on the gut. It discovered that taking it as a probiotic increased the expression of genes in the intestinal tracts that are involved in immune reaction.

These outcomes recommend that L. acidophilus might support a healthy immune system.

A different study examined how the combination of L. acidophilus and a prebiotic affected human gut health.

It found that the combined supplement increased the amounts of lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in the intestinal tracts, in addition to branched-chain fatty acids, which are a fundamental part of a healthy gut.

Summary:

Acidophilus can support gut health by increasing the amounts of healthy germs in the intestinal tracts.

How to Enjoy the Most from L. Acidophilus

1. acidophilus is a regular bacteria in healthy intestines, however you can gain a number of health benefits by taking it as a supplement or consuming foods which contain it.
2. acidophilus can be consumed in probiotic supplements, either by itself or in combination with other probiotics or prebiotics.

Nevertheless, it’s likewise discovered in a variety of foods, especially fermented foods.

The very best food sources of L. acidophilus are:.

Yogurt: Yogurt is typically made from bacteria such as L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus. Some yogurts likewise include L. acidophilus, however only those that list it in the ingredients and state “live and active cultures.”.

Kefir: Kefir is made of “grains” of germs and yeast, which can be added to milk or water to produce a healthy fermented beverage. The types of bacteria and yeast in kefir can vary, however it commonly includes L. acidophilus, among others.

Miso: Miso is a paste originating from Japan that is made by fermenting soybeans. Although the main microorganism in miso is a fungi called Aspergillus oryzae, miso can likewise include lots of germs, including L. acidophilus.

Tempeh: Tempeh is another food made from fermented soybeans. It can contain a variety of different microbes, including L. acidophilus.

Cheese: Various varieties of cheese are produced by utilizing different bacteria. L. acidophilus is not typically used as a cheese starter culture, however a number of studies have taken a look at the results of adding it as a probiotic (54Trusted Source).

Sauerkraut: Sauerkraut is a fermented food made from cabbage. The majority of the germs in sauerkraut are Lactobacillus species, consisting of L. acidophilus (55Trusted Source).

Aside from food, the very best method to get L. acidophilus is directly through supplements.

A number of L. acidophilus probiotic supplements are offered, either on their own or in combination with other probiotics. Go for a probiotic with a minimum of one billion CFUs per serving.

If taking a probiotic, it’s usually best to do so with a meal, ideally breakfast.

If you are brand-new to probiotics, try taking them once daily for a week or two and then evaluate how you feel prior to continuing.

Summary:

acidophilus can be taken as a probiotic supplement, however it’s likewise discovered in high quantities in a number of fermented foods. [3]

How to use

People can quickly add L. acidophilus and other probiotics to their diet. A convenient and popular method of doing this is through yogurts and yogurt beverages, however some other fermented foods likewise include L. acidophilus. However, always examine the label to make sure the product does include L. acidophilus.

When taking L. acidophilus dietary supplements, pick a reliable brand, and always follow the plan directions. A medical professional, pharmacist, or herbalist can likewise assist with selecting the right L. acidophilus supplement. [4]

Dose and Preparation

Acidophilus supplements are sold in a variety of forms: pills, tablets, drinks, pearls, powders, chewable wafers, liquids, and suppositories.

The common adult dosage is 1 to 10 billion living organisms known as colony-forming systems (CFUs), taken in as much as four divided doses. Follow the instructions on the packaging or talk to a doctor about the suitable dose for you.

If giving L. acidophilus to a kid, check with a pediatrician about a proper dosage or purchase a brand name formulated for kids and follow the instructions on the packaging.

Depending upon the manufacturing processes, you might find some probiotics require refrigeration while others are shelf-stable. Make certain to save probiotics as directed on the label and lessen contact with air. [5]

What are the potential negative effects of acidophilus?

Acidophilus is usually thought about safe to use. However it does have some prospective minor adverse effects. These negative effects include:.

• Mild upset stomach.
• Diarrhea.
• Constipation.
• Gas and bloating.

If you develop signs of an infection such as fever or chills, stop taking acidophilus right now. Contact your healthcare provider immediately for further guidance.

Signs of an allergy might include:

• Rash.
• Itching.
• Hives and swelling of your face, lips, tongue or throat.
• Trouble breathing.
• Lightheadedness.

While unusual, severe infections can take place. If you have any of the list below conditions, you should speak with your doctor prior to taking acidophilus.

Central lines: Acidophilus has triggered blood infections in individuals who have central lines. Central lines are long catheters (thin, versatile tubes) that are placed in a large vein in your body.

Liver scarring: Acidophilus has caused infections in people with cirrhosis.

Gastrointestinal system illness: Acidophilus has actually caused infections in individuals with intestinal diseases. These diseases consist of short bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.

Deteriorated body immune system: Acidophilus has caused blood infections in people with critical diseases. This includes people with HIV/AIDS and individuals going through chemotherapy for cancer. This also consists of individuals who are taking medications to prevent rejection of an organ transplant.

Damaged heart valves: Acidophilus has triggered infections in the lining of the heart chambers and heart valves. [6]

Unique Precautions and Cautions

When taken by mouth: L. acidophilus is most likely safe. It’s been utilized securely together with other probiotics for approximately 9 months. Some people may experience gas or bloating, but it’s normally well-tolerated.

When applied to the vagina: L. acidophilus is likely safe. It’s been utilized securely for as much as 12 weeks.

Pregnancy: L. acidophilus is perhaps safe when taken by mouth during pregnancy. It’s been used safely together with other probiotics for 6 weeks, beginning at 24-28 weeks of pregnancy.

Breast-feeding: There isn’t adequate trusted information to understand if L. acidophilus is safe to use while breast-feeding. But there’s no reason to anticipate safety concerns when utilized properly under medical guidance.

Children: L. acidophilus is likely safe when taken by mouth appropriately in children. It’s been utilized safely alone and together with other probiotics.

Weakened body immune system: Some probiotics have actually caused blood infections in a small number of individuals with weakened immune systems. If you have a weakened immune system, talk with your doctor before taking probiotics, including L. acidophilus.

Harmed heart valves: Some probiotics have triggered infections of the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valve. This is extremely rare, however individuals with damaged heart valves need to stop taking probiotics like Lactobacillus acidophilus prior to dental procedures or surgeries. [7]

Safety rating:

• No security concerns regardless of broad use. [8]

Interactions

There are no known substantial interactions for acidophilus. [9]

The bottom line

Lactobacillus acidophilus is a types of probiotics that has actually been widely studied on its own and in mix with other probiotic species. Acidophilus has actually been shown to relieve bloating, assistance GI function, and support total gut health. * Fortunately? Certain premium probiotics developed with gut health particularly in mind, like probiotic+, integrate numerous pressures of probiotics, consisting of L. acidophilus, so you get everything you need in one convenient pill. [10]

References

1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acidophilus
2. https://www.qb-labs.com/blog/2020/10/13/lactobacillus-101
3. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/lactobacillus-acidophilus#TOC_TITLE_HDR_12
4. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324194#how-to-use
5. https://www.verywellhealth.com/acidophilus-and-other-probiotics-88321
6. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/22650-acidophilus
7. https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-790/lactobacillus-acidophilus
8. https://www.drugs.com/npc/acidophilus.html
9. https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-acidophilus/art-20361967
10. https://www.mindbodygreen.com/articles/acidophilus-probiotic-benefits